{"product_id":"the-civic-foundations-of-fascism-in-europe","title":"The Civic Foundations of Fascism in Europe","description":"Drawing on a Gramscian theoretical perspective and developing a systematic comparative approach, \u003ci\u003eThe Civic Foundations of Fascism in Europe\u003c\/i\u003e challenges the received Tocquevillian consensus on authoritarianism by arguing that fascist regimes, just like mass democracies, depended on well-organised, rather than weak and atomised, civil societies. In making this argument the book focuses on three crucial cases of interwar authoritarianism: Italy, Spain and Romania, selected because they are all counterintuitive from the perspective of established explanations, while usefully demonstrating the range of fascist outcomes in interwar Europe. \u003ci\u003eCivic Foundations\u003c\/i\u003e argues that, in all three cases, fascism emerged because of the rapid development of voluntary associations, combined with weakly developed political parties among the dominant class, thus creating a crisis of hegemony. Riley then traces the specific form that this crisis took depending on the form of civil society developed (autonomous, as in Italy; elite-dominated, as in Spain; or state-dominated, as in Romania) in the nineteenth century.","brand":"Verso Books","offers":[{"title":"paperback","offer_id":50192123429141,"sku":"zda1789931119282","price":24.46,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"ebook (US)","offer_id":50192123461909,"sku":"mrn1789931119283","price":6.59,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"ebook (UK)","offer_id":50192123494677,"sku":"rsb1789931119284","price":18.21,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0878\/5349\/8645\/files\/the-civic-foundations-of-fascism-in-europe_1.jpg?v=1789931126","url":"https:\/\/zenmatfitk.shop\/products\/the-civic-foundations-of-fascism-in-europe","provider":"My Store","version":"1.0","type":"link"}